Ngencazelo,udonga lwamakhethini kuthathwa njengomhlangano wozimele ozimele ezakhiweni eziphakeme, ezinezingxenye ezizimele ezingahlanganisi isakhiwo sokwakha. Isistimu yodonga lwamakhethini iyisembozo sangaphandle sebhilidi lapho izindonga zangaphandle zingezona ezakhiwe, kodwa zigcina nje isimo sezulu singangeni kanye nabahlezi ngaphakathi.
Emlandweni, isitayela sodonga lwamakhethini sisho izakhiwo zamaphakathi nekhulu lama-20 ezisebenzisa isistimu yokushelela yangaphandle eyenziwe ngaphambili elenga kumafreyimu azo. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obunjalo kusukela ngo-1918 Hallidie Building eSan Francisco, okuthiwa yisakhiwo sokuqala esasetshenziswa.udonga lwamakhethini engilazi engenasici esakhiweni. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II lapho intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokwakha ivumela lezi zinhlelo ukuba zande. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isibonelo sokuqala esikhulu sesitayela kwakuyi-Equitable Savings & Loan Building e-Portland, e-Oregon eyabulawa umakhi u-Pietro Belluschi ngo-1948. Njengesakhiwo sokuqala emhlabeni esinesiphephetha-moya esigcwele umoya, lesi sakhiwo esihle esiyizitezi ezingu-12 sabeka iphethini ngokushesha. amabhilidi amaningi angemva kwe-WWII kanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi amancane.Futhi isistimu yodonga lwamakhethini iqukethe igridi ephindaphindayo yezigidigidi ze-aluminium extruded kanye nama-rails avundlile.
Amasistimu odonga lwamakhethini ngokuvamile aklanywa ngamalungu e-aluminium extruded, nakuba izindonga zokuqala zamakhethini zazenziwe ngensimbi. Uhlaka lwe-aluminium luvame ukugcwaliswa ngengilazi, ehlinzeka ngesakhiwo esithokozisayo sezakhiwo, kanye nezinzuzo ezifana nokukhanya kwasemini. Okunye ukugcwaliswa okuvamile kuhlanganisa: i-veneer yamatshe, amaphaneli ensimbi, ama-louvres, namafasitela asebenzisekayo noma ama-vent. Ikakhulukazi uma ingilazi isetshenziswaukwakhiwa kodonga lwamakhethini , inzuzo enkulu ukuthi ukukhanya kwemvelo kungangena ngokujulile ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yombono ye-facade yesakhiwo ivumela ukudluliswa kokukhanya kanye nezindawo ze-spandrel phakathi kwamafasitela zenzelwe ukufihla isakhiwo sesitezi sesitezi kanye nezakhi zemishini ezihlobene. Nakuba indawo ye-spandrel iyindawo ekhanyayo, umphakathi wezakhiwo uhlala uthola izindlela ezithakazelisayo zokubhekana nobuhle ngokwenza indawo ye-spandrel izwakale (isb. ukuguqulwa kombala we-facade element ecwebezelayo, ukushintsha kohlobo lwempahla njengegwadle) noma kuhlanganiswe ngobuqili njenge-facade enengilazi yonke. uma ibukwa ngaphandle.
Thumela umlayezo wakho kithi:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2023
